What if fibers could power bioelectrochemical devices, respond to temperature changes, or serve as sustainable alternatives for novel carbon fibers? This talk reviews progresses in the wet spinning of nanocomposite fibers [1]—a technique that enables the integration of high concentrations of nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes, piezoelectric particles [2], and graphene, into polymer fibers. Wet spinning allows for the creation of fibers with unique electrical, mechanical, and responsive properties, unlocking exciting new applications.

We will show the use of nanocomposite fibers as microelectrodes [3-5]. With their high conductivity and porosity, they can be integrated into bioelectrochemical systems like biosensors and biofuel cells, opening new possibilities in medical diagnostics and energy generation. Additionally, some of these fibers—especially those incorporating graphene or nanotubes in a PVA matrix—exhibit remarkable shape-memory and thermoresponsive properties [6,7]. After undergoing a simple programming process, they can recover their original shape with a precisely controlled temperature trigger, offering new solutions for robotics, smart textiles, and medical applications.

Beyond their functional properties, these fibers also hold promise for sustainability. Wet-spun nanocomposite fibers can serve as precursors for bio-based carbon fibers derived from lignin [8,9]. While their mechanical properties are still being optimized, these low-cost carbon fibers could play a crucial role in lightweight, energy-efficient transportation.

By bridging bioelectronics, smart materials, and sustainability, these innovations open the door to a new generation of functional fibers with a variety of potential applications.